1. 解救算法：无偏个人数据自愿交易的市场机制

原标题：Algorithms to the Rescue: Market Mechanisms for Consensual Trading of Unbiased Individual Data

期刊：Information Systems Research

作者：Brian Birkhead, Ashkan Eshghi, Ram D. Gopal, Hooman Hidaji, Raymond A. Patterson

出版时间：2025-03-25

DOI：10.1287/isre.2024.1115

摘要：

网络经济依赖于收集用户的个人数据并将其货币化，以换取工具和服务。由于缺乏透明度和适当的补偿机制，这一市场的数据质量逐渐受到侵蚀，催生了新一代以平台为中介的数据市场，旨在明确补偿数据主体，以换取其个人数据。此外，这些平台可以创建数据市场，以便在调查和医疗保健研究等环境中直接从用户收集数据。然而，这类平台要么使用集中优化，要么使用固定补偿机制，这导致数据购买者的样本成本高昂和/或有偏见。在本文中，我们提出了一种算法市场机制方法，该方法采用激励相容的补偿机制，结合一种新的抽样方法，使这类平台能够为数据购买者提供低成本、无偏的样本，同时适当补偿数据主体的隐私损失。我们展示了我们的市场机制相对于当前方法的优越表现。我们发现，我们的方法优于固定补偿方法，即使平台能够访问数据主体隐私担忧的部分信息，在实践中，他们最好还是放弃这些信息，转而使用我们的方法。最后，我们提供了关于数据样本中偏差和成本之间的权衡，以及样本大小和匿名性的影响的见解。

Abstract: 

The online economy has relied on collecting and monetizing users’ individual data in exchange for tools and services. A lack of transparency and the absence of proper compensation mechanisms have gradually eroded data quality in this market, giving rise to a new generation of platform-mediated data markets that aim to explicitly reimburse data subjects in return for their individual data. Moreover, these platforms can create data markets for direct collection of data from users in contexts like surveys and healthcare research. Such platforms, however, use either centralized-optimization or fixed-compensation mechanisms, which lead to expensive and/or biased samples for data buyers. In this paper, we present an algorithmic market mechanism approach that employs an incentive-compatible compensation mechanism in conjunction with a novel sampling method to enable such platforms to provide data buyers with low-cost, unbiased samples while properly compensating data subjects for their loss of privacy. We illustrate the superior performance of our market mechanism against current approaches. We find that our approach outperforms the fixed-compensation approach, and even if the platform has access to partial information about data subjects’ privacy concern, in practice, they are better off foregoing this information and using our approach instead. Finally, we provide insights about the trade-offs between bias and cost in data samples and about the implications of sample size and anonymity.

2. 人工智能与企业韧性：来自自然灾害冲击的经验证据

原标题：Artificial Intelligence and Firm Resilience: Empirical Evidence from Natural Disaster Shocks

期刊：Information Systems Research

作者：Miaozhe Han, Hongchuan Shen, Jing Wu, Xiaoquan (Michael) Zhang

出版时间：2025-03-25

DOI：10.1287/isre.2022.0440

摘要：

过去十年，人工智能（AI）在商业运营中的应用越来越多。尽管人工智能在正常时期的生产力已经得到广泛研究，但其在不确定环境中有效性的直接证据有限。我们的工作通过研究AI在自然灾害冲击下对企业韧性的贡献来填补这一空白，尤其是专注于AI使用和商品生产企业。我们通过从综合招聘数据库中提取的累积AI相关技能，以及通过企业估值变化应对自然灾害引发的运营冲击，来衡量企业AI投资。我们使用集合事件研究方法，提供AI产生韧性的证据：一家平均2.4%的总工作需求与AI相关的公司，可以在短事件窗口内大致恢复企业估值中反映的灾难的全部损害。从产品功能测试中，我们发现韧性归因于AI在不稳定的生产环境下对受损输入响应性的调节作用。进一步的分析揭示了一个紧迫的现象：尽管表现不佳的公司可以从额外的AI投资单位中受益更多，但由于缺乏互补性的组织设计，实现的生产率明显受到限制。我们的发现为环境条件与AI技术和补充基础设施的公司投资之间的相互作用提供了管理启示。

Abstract: 

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly deployed in business operations over the past decade. Although AI productivity in normal times has been extensively studied, direct evidence of its effectiveness in uncertain contexts is limited. Our work fills this gap by examining the contribution of AI to corporate resilience under natural disaster shocks, particularly concentrating on AI-using and goods-producing firms. We measure firm AI investment by the cumulative AI-relevant skills extracted from a comprehensive job posting database and firm resilience by the changes in corporate valuation in response to operational shocks induced by natural disasters. Using a pooled event study approach, we provide evidence that AI generates resilience: An average firm with 2.4% of its total job demands related to AI could approximately recover the full damage of disasters reflected in corporate valuation over a short event window. From the product function test, we find that resilience is attributable to the moderating effect of AI on the damaged input responsiveness under the volatile production environment. Further analyses reveal a pressing phenomenon: Although under-performing firms could benefit more from an additional unit of AI investment, the realized productivity is notably restrained due to a lack of complementary organizational designs. Our findings provide managerial implications regarding the interplay between environmental conditions and firm investments in both AI technology and complementary infrastructures.

3. 在线零售供应链中的消费者隐私

原标题：Consumer Privacy in Online Retail Supply Chains

期刊：Management Science

作者：Fasheng Xu, Xiaoyu Wang, Fuqiang Zhang

出版时间：2025-01-29

DOI：10.1287/mnsc.2022.01819

摘要：

利用消费者数据，在线零售商可以增强向消费者提供的服务，但有可能造成意外的隐私问题。关于是否制定监管政策以限制在线零售商的数据收集和使用，一直存在争议。本文研究了新采用的隐私政策，如《通用数据保护条例》（GDPR）对由零售商和供应商组成的在线零售供应链的影响。我们发现，尽管GDPR有意保护消费者隐私，但在惠及零售商的同时，可能无意中伤害了消费者剩余。事实上，GDPR可能会导致对包括零售商、供应商、消费者在内的所有相关方不利的结果，从而造成三输局面。我们的研究结果对消费者、供应链公司和政策制定者都有重要影响，有助于评估隐私法规对技术创新和采用的影响的现有文献。

Abstract: 

Exploitation of consumer data allows online retailers to enhance services provided to consumers but at the risk of causing unintended privacy issues. There has been debate about whether to devise regulation policies to restrict data collection and usage by online retailers. This paper studies the implications of newly adopted privacy policies, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), for an online retail supply chain comprising a retailer and a supplier. We find that despite the GDPR’s intention to safeguard consumer privacy, it may inadvertently hurt consumer surplus while benefiting the retailer. In fact, the GDPR may lead to an outcome detrimental to all parties involved, including the retailer, supplier, and consumers, thereby resulting in a triple-lose situation. Our results hold significant implications for consumers, supply chain firms, and policymakers alike, contributing to the existing literature on evaluating the impact of privacy regulations on technology innovation and adoption.

4. 零售商主导的市场

原标题：Retailer-Led Marketplaces

期刊：Management Science

作者：Andres Hervas-Drane, Sro Shelegia

出版时间：2025-03-28

DOI：10.1287/mnsc.2023.00315

摘要：

主要零售商通过为第三方卖家运营市场，向竞争对手开放了在线店面。我们开发了产品市场层面的进入和价格竞争模型，以分析这些零售商主导的市场内产生的竞争互动。我们证明，零售商通过缓解自身的产能约束，并通过对店面的控制来管理来自第三方卖家的竞争，从而从市场中受益：通过设置市场费用、引导消费者，以及通过分配自己的产能来回应第三方卖家的产品供应选择。我们得出管理影响，并研究政策干预。我们发现，市场费用监管对提高福利结果的潜力最大。我们的模型为零售商主导的市场中发挥作用的机制提供了新的见解，并解释了它们在在线零售中的突出作用。

Abstract: 

Leading retailers have opened up their online storefronts to competitors by operating marketplaces for third-party sellers. We develop a model of entry and price competition at the product market level to analyze the competitive interactions arising within these retailer-led marketplaces. We show that the retailer benefits from the marketplace by mitigating his own capacity constraints and manages competition from third-party sellers through his control of the storefront: by setting the marketplace fee, by steering consumers, and by allocating his own capacity in response to the product supply choices of third-party sellers. We draw managerial implications and examine policy interventions. We find that regulation of marketplace fees has the strongest potential to increase welfare outcomes. Our model provides novel insights into the mechanisms at play in retailer-led marketplaces and explains their prominent role in online retail.

5. 定价卡特尔与企业创新

原标题：Price-Fixing Cartels and Firm Innovation

期刊：Management Science

作者：Hyo Kang

出版时间：2025-03-27

DOI：10.1287/mnsc.2020.01838

摘要：

本文使用涵盖1975年至2016年美国所有461个卡特尔案例和1818家公司的数据集，研究了定价卡特尔与企业创新之间的关系。差异估计的差异揭示了共谋与创新之间的正相关关系。串通公司专利备案增长28%，优质专利增长20%，研发投入增长16%。创新广度也扩大了16%，表明企业探索了新的技术领域。一旦卡特尔解散，创新活动恢复到融合前水平。这种影响因行业而异，在快速增长和专利密集型行业更为明显，突显了技术机会的重要性。此外，雨伞定价效应也有利于非竞争对手，这为解开机制提供了一个独特的机会。结果显示，额外的金融资源至少占效应的四分之一，更强的卡特尔表现出更显著的效应。具体而言，在合谋前更依赖内部融资、在合谋期间产生更高收入的公司表现出更大的影响；没有发现公司内部资本再分配的证据。剩下的四分之三的影响可以归因于管理层对未来盈利能力的预期。这些发现为旨在促进创新的管理者和政策制定者提供了见解，尽管考虑到异质效应，需要仔细解释。

Abstract: 

This paper examines the relationship between price-fixing cartels and firm innovation using a data set encompassing all 461 cartel cases and 1,818 firms identified in the United States in the years 1975–2016. A difference-in-differences estimation reveals a positive relationship between collusion and innovation. Colluding firms exhibited increases of 28% in patent filings, 20% in top-quality patents, and 16% in research and development investment. Innovation breadth also expanded by 16%, suggesting that firms explored new technological areas. Once cartels were dissolved, innovation activities reverted to precollusion levels. The effect varied across industries and was more pronounced in fast-growing and patent-intensive industries, underscoring the importance of technological opportunities. Further, the umbrella pricing effect that also benefits noncolluding competitors offers a unique opportunity to unpack mechanisms. Results reveal that the extra financial resources account for at least a quarter of the effect with stronger cartels exhibiting more pronounced effects. Specifically, firms that relied more on internal financing before collusion and that generated higher revenues during collusion showed a greater effect; no evidence was found of capital reallocation within firms. As much as the remaining three quarters of the effect can be attributed to managerial expectations of future profitability. These findings offer insights for managers and policymakers aiming to foster novel innovation although careful interpretation is required given the heterogeneous effects.

6. 推荐传播：客户推荐的下游效益

原标题：Referral Contagion: Downstream Benefits of Customer Referrals

期刊：Journal of Marketing Research

作者：R Gershon, Z Jiang

出版时间：2025-01-15

DOI：10.1177/00222437241257886

摘要：

公司通常会投资于推荐奖励计划，以激励现有客户传播口碑。先前的研究已表明，通过购买或与公司互动，推荐客户通常比非推荐客户更有价值。作者提出了一个被忽视的推荐好处：推荐客户同样更有价值，因为他们会进行更多的推荐。通过使用大规模现场数据集，作者显示推荐客户在进行购买活动的条件下，比非推荐客户多进行31%到57%的推荐。通过预注册的实验室实验，他们复制了这一主要效应，并提出了一个潜在的机制：推荐客户认为推荐比非推荐客户更符合社会规范。在一项现场实验中，作者基于以前关于规范显著性的研究，展示了提醒推荐客户他们是通过推荐加入的，会进一步提高他们的推荐可能性21%。这些结果促进了对促使推荐决策的社会动机的理解，并表明推广推荐的价值远高于先前的估计。

Abstract: 

Companies often invest in referral reward programs to incentivize their current customers to spread word of mouth. Previous work has documented that referred customers tend to be more valuable than nonreferred customers through their purchases or engagement with the company. The authors propose a previously overlooked benefit of encouraging referrals: Referred customers are also more valuable because they make more referrals. Using a large-scale field dataset, the authors show that referred customers make 31%–57% more referrals than nonreferred customers conditional on purchase activities. Using preregistered lab experiments, they replicate the main effect and propose one underlying mechanism: Referred customers perceive referring to be more socially appropriate than nonreferred customers do. In a field experiment, the authors build on previous work on norm salience and show that reminding referred customers that they joined through a referral further boosts their referral likelihood by 21%. These results advance the understanding of the social motives that contribute to referral decisions and illustrate that promoting referrals is substantially more valuable than previously estimated.

7. 跨国企业、能力与数字化：在世界动荡中的治理与增长

原标题：The multinational enterprise, capabilities, and digitalization: governance and growth with world disorder

期刊：Journal of International Business Studies

作者：David J. Teece

出版时间：2025-1-24

DOI：10.1057/s41267-024-00767-7

摘要：

本文回顾了2014年在JIBS发表的关于将国际商业内部化理论与战略管理能力视角相结合的潜力的文章。它重述了能力框架， 重点强调了新兴市场跨国公司所需要的学习， 并以现代汽车公司的国际化和增长为例进行了说明。它还讨论了自2014年以来在国际商业塑造方面变得更为突出的全球经济的两个方面：地缘政治不确定性和数字化。地缘政治紧张局势的加剧似乎正在重新平衡跨国公司与母国/东道国政府之间的关系。数字化促进了国际商业；但它通过（进一步）加速竞争、催生新的竞争对手以及将系统性风险引入数字供应链而增加了新的脆弱性。为管理人员、董事会成员和国际商业学者带来了启示。

Abstract: 

This essay revisits my 2014 JIBS article about the potential for integrating international business internalization theory with a strategic management capabilities perspective. It recaps the capabilities framework with an emphasis on the learning required of emerging market multinationals and illustrates this with the case of Hyundai Motor Company’s internationalization and growth. It also discusses two aspects of the global economy that have become more prominent since 2014 in shaping international business: geopolitical uncertainty and digitalization. A rise in geopolitical tensions appears to be rebalancing the relationships between multinationals and home/host governments. Digitalization facilitates international business; but it adds new vulnerabilities by (further) accelerating competition, enabling new rivals, and introducing systemic risks into digital supply chains. Implications for managers, board members, and international business scholars are drawn.