1. 产品展示取向如何影响网上购物中顾客的选择满意度：一个选择终结视角

原标题：How Product Display Orientation Affects Customers’ Choice Satisfaction in Online Purchase: A Choice Closure Perspective

期刊：Information Systems Research

作者：Yanli Jia, Yulin Fang, Jun Ouyang

出版时间：2024-12-19

DOI：10.1287/isre.2022.0575

摘要：

在线零售商经常面临由于顾客对其在线购买决策的满意度较低而导致订单取消的问题，本研究称之为选择满意度。然而，很少有电子商务文献涉及顾客选择满意度，据我们所知，也没有人研究如何设计产品展示界面来实现这一点。我们借鉴选择闭合理论和眼睛和视觉研究，研究了在线购物网页的产品展示取向如何影响顾客在购买时的选择满意度。我们建议，在电子商务网站上水平（与垂直）展示可比产品，通过促进更高水平的选择关闭（在线客户开始将决策视为已完成和已解决的心理过程），与客户选择满意度更为积极相关。通过五个精心设计的实验（包括一个使用眼动跟踪设备的实验），我们发现，在线客户在电子商务网站上水平展示的同类产品中，比垂直展示的同类产品获得了更高水平的选择满意度。这种效应的原因是，横向产品展示增加了客户在做出购买决策前的产品选项与决策后的相应选择结束感之间的比较量。我们还发现，最终性提示（例如，在产品展示中添加文字注释“结束”）可以在很大程度上削弱这种影响。讨论了对网络零售商产品展示策略的影响，以及未来的研究方向。

Abstract: 

Online retailers often confront the problem of order cancellation due to customers’ poor satisfaction with their online purchase decision, termed as choice satisfaction in this study. However, very little e-commerce literature has addressed customer choice satisfaction, and none, to our knowledge, has investigated how to design product display interfaces to achieve it. Drawing from choice closure theory and eye and vision research, we examine how product display orientation of an online shopping web page affects customers’ choice satisfaction upon purchase. We propose that a horizontal (versus vertical) display of comparable products on an e-commerce website is more positively related to customer choice satisfaction by promoting a higher level of choice closure (a psychological process by which online customers come to perceive a decision as completed and settled). Through five carefully designed experiments (including one using an eye-tracking device), we find that online customers achieve a higher level of choice satisfaction from an assortment of comparable products displayed horizontally than vertically on e-commerce websites. This effect results from the fact that a horizontal product display increases the amount of comparisons customers make between product options prior to making a purchase decision and consequential sense of choice closure after the decision. We also find that a cue of finality (e.g., adding a textual note “The end” to the product display) can largely attenuate this effect. The implications for online retailers’ product showcase strategies are discussed, along with future research directions.

2. 供应网络中的创新中介：解决买方和供应商协同创新能力不足

原标题：Innovation intermediation in supply networks: Addressing shortfalls in buyer and supplier capabilities for collaborative innovation

期刊：Journal of Operations Management

作者：Kostas Selviaridis, Martin Spring

出版时间：2024-12-19

DOI：10.1002/joom.1345

摘要：

我们调查创新中介机构如何解决买方和供应商为创新目的获取彼此知识所必须具备的能力不足，也被称为间接能力。此前关于供应商支持创新的研究已经确定了买家与创新供应商合作所需的各种能力。它认识到，供应商还需要获得买方知识的能力。然而，我们对创新中介参与者的角色仍然知之甚少，他们既不是买家也不是供应商，但仍然影响供应网络中的创新过程和结果。我们基于案例的研究显示，中介机构为研发和实验创造工作空间，有助于细化需求定义和降低新解决方案风险，支持合同签订，促进解决方案实施。我们通过开发中介活动和潜在能力的模型，以及它们对创新采购结果的影响，为供应商创新研究做出贡献。通过引入供应链协同创新的其他间接能力类型，并展示这些能力如何相互关联，我们阐述了间接能力理论视角。我们进一步扩展了有关创新中介的文献，阐明了迄今为止尚未探索的中介能力，并增加了有关中介对开放式创新过程的贡献的见解。

Abstract: 

We investigate how innovation intermediaries address shortfalls in the capabilities that buyers and suppliers must have to access each other's knowledge for innovation purposes, also referred to as indirect capabilities. Prior research on supplier-enabled innovation has identified various capabilities that buyers need in order to collaborate with innovative suppliers. It recognizes that suppliers also require capabilities to access buyer knowledge. However, we still know little about the role of innovation intermediaries—actors who are neither buyers nor suppliers, but still influence innovation processes and outcomes in supply networks. Our case-based research shows that intermediaries create workspaces for R&D and experimentation, help to refine definitions of requirements and de-risk novel solutions, support contracting, and facilitate solution implementation. We contribute to research on supplier innovation by developing a model of intermediaries' activities and underlying capabilities, and their impact on innovation sourcing outcomes. We elaborate the indirect capabilities theoretical perspective by introducing additional types of indirect capabilities for collaborative innovation in supply chains, and showing how these capabilities interrelate. We furthermore extend the literature on innovation intermediaries by elucidating hitherto unexplored capabilities for intermediation and adding insights regarding the contribution of intermediaries to open innovation processes.

3. 规模前经济：美国年轻企业的IT战略和业绩动态

原标题：Economies Before Scale: I.T. Strategy and Performance Dynamics of Young U.S. Businesses

期刊：Management Science

作者：Wang Jin, Kristina McElheran

出版时间：2024-12-20

DOI：10.1287/mnsc.2019.03116

摘要：

我们研究了信息技术（IT）战略的维度如何影响年轻企业的业绩，以及随着年龄增长的动态。基于生命周期理论和企业边界研究，我们得出了基于年龄的业绩差异与IT采购决策之间的关系。我们强调了外包在短期内对获取前沿投入的支持与所有权在长期内开发组织特定资源和能力方面的优势之间的动态紧张关系。利用人口普查局2006年至2014年的大量微观数据，我们提供了第一个系统性证据，证明年轻的制造业企业（包括初创企业和现有企业的新部门）不成比例地受益于现代IT外包（ITO）。年轻人还享受着自有IT资本（ITK）带来的生产力收益，尽管不确定性高、运营规模较小，补充性组织资本较少。尽管这些收益似乎与较老的生产商的收益相当，但它们是以生存为条件的，生存受到ITO的改善，但受到ITK积累的损害。将ITK带来的灵活性相关收益与早期ITK投资中与年份相关的优势相结合，发现年轻人的IT生产率显著高于年长的现任者。大量测试支持因果解释，以及基于减轻不确定性影响的机制（与规模或成本相关原因相反）。这些发现揭示了一种经常被忽视的模式，即在日益数字化的时代，与经济趋势和管理实践相关的年轻商业活力。

Abstract: 

We examine how dimensions of information technology (IT) strategy affect the performance of young businesses, as well as dynamics as they age. Drawing from lifecycle theory and firm boundary research, we derive the relationship between age-based performance differences and IT sourcing decisions. We highlight the dynamic tension between outsourcing’s support for accessing frontier inputs in the short term and ownership’s advantages for developing organization-specific resources and capabilities over time. Leveraging a large panel of Census Bureau microdata from 2006 to 2014, we provide the first systematic evidence that young manufacturing establishments (both startups and new units of existing firms) disproportionately benefit from modern IT outsourcing (ITO). The young also enjoy productivity benefits from owned IT capital (ITK), despite high uncertainty, smaller operational scale, and less complementary organizational capital. Although these returns appear commensurate with those of older producers, they are conditional on survival, which is improved by ITO but harmed by ITK accumulation. Combining flexibility-related gains from ITK with vintage-related advantages in early ITK investment, the young are revealed to have significantly greater IT productivity than older incumbents. A large battery of tests supports a causal interpretation, as well as mechanisms rooted in mitigating the effects of uncertainty (as opposed to size- or cost-related reasons). These findings illuminate an often-overlooked pattern of young-business dynamism relevant to economic trends and management practices in an increasingly digital age.

4. 逐帧成名：短视频平台上的内容创作：短视频格式平台上的内容创作

原标题：Frame by Fame: Content Creation on Short Video-Format Platforms

期刊：Manufacturing and Service Operations Management

作者：Abhishek Deshmane, Xabier Barriola

出版时间：2024-12-24

DOI：10.1287/msom.2021.0332

摘要：

问题定义：网易、TikTok等短视频格式平台是关注经济，承载用户生成的内容，以音视频元素组合的形式，按照网络虚拟性原则运营。这项研究通过关注内容发布频率的决定，以及在新生成的创作中纳入采用的内容，探索用户内容创建策略。方法学/结果：我们从理论上探讨了影响这些决策的以下三种机制的作用：（a）平台网络结构中的社会等级，（b）平台上内容的病毒性，以及（c）通过内容推荐排名进行算法干预。为了实证研究这些关系，我们使用2019年11月注册的网易云村用户活动详细日志，进行回归分析。我们发现，通过关注者数量衡量的高状态用户策略性地调整内容发布频率，在成功内容后放慢速度，以避免潜在病毒性的稀释。我们还观察到，地位较高的用户在内容创作上普遍偏离了流行的病毒式趋势。然而，在异常成功的发布之后，它们往往更符合病毒性内容，这表明它们采取了规避风险的方法。最后，与算法厌恶相反，用户更喜欢平台推荐的内容。然而，地位较高的用户在决策中无视保留代理权的算法。管理含义：我们的发现提供了对内容创建过程的整体理解，并建议平台可以战略性地调整算法排名政策，以促进内容创建的多样性，同时迎合不同地位级别用户的偏好。

Abstract: 

Problem definition: Short video format platforms like NetEase and TikTok are attention economies that host user-generated content, in the form of combined video and audio elements, and operate on principles of network virality. This study explores user content creation strategies by focusing on decisions around content release frequency and the incorporation of adopted content in newly generated creations. Methodology/results: We theoretically explore the role of the following three mechanisms influencing these decisions: (a) social hierarchies in the platform’s network structure, (b) virality of content on the platform, and (c) algorithmic interventions through the ranking of content recommendations. To empirically study these relationships, we use a detailed log of user activity on NetEase Cloud Village registered during the month of November 2019 and carry out regression-based analyses. We find that high-status users, measured through their follower count, adapt their content release frequency strategically, slowing down after successful content to avoid dilution of potential virality. We also observe that high-status users generally deviate from prevailing viral trends in their content creation. However, following exceptionally successful releases, they tend to conform more to viral content, suggesting a risk-averse approach. Finally, contrary to algorithm aversion, users prefer content recommended by the platform. However, high-status users disregard algorithms to retain agency in decision making. Managerial implications: Our findings provide a holistic understanding of the content creation process and suggest that platforms could strategically adjust algorithmic ranking policies to foster content creation diversity while catering to the preferences of users with different status levels.

5. 支付、分红和追回：激励服务提供商参与点播数字平台

原标题：Pay, Pat, and Clawback: Incentivizing Service Providers’ Participation in On-Demand Digital Platforms

期刊：Management Science

作者：Niam Yaraghi, Ramaswamy Ramesh, Giri Kumar Tayi

出版时间：2024-12-24

DOI：10.1287/mnsc.2023.02603

摘要：

点播数字平台面临的一个关键治理挑战是增加其服务提供商的参与。本研究结合按需数字平台的独特性，设计新颖的激励结构。在与一个主要的按需数字平台合作进行的12项微随机试验中，我们研究了货币和非货币激励相结合，并在损失厌恶框架内提供这些激励，如何能够激励服务提供商提高参与水平。我们发现，在按需平台中，一旦货币激励与服务提供者参与一起提供，非货币激励就会抑制货币激励对服务提供者参与的影响。此外，与传统工作环境相比，在损失厌恶框架内提供激励只会提高非货币激励的有效性。我们为这些反直觉的结果提供了理论解释和实证检验。本研究的洞见可供按需数字平台有效动员和维持其服务提供商的参与，以满足实时随机需求。

Abstract: 

A critical governance challenge for on-demand digital platforms is to increase the participation of their service providers. In this research, we design novel incentive structures by taking the unique features of on-demand digital platforms into account. In 12 micro randomized trials conducted in partnership with a major on-demand digital platform, we examine how combining monetary with nonmonetary incentives and providing them within a loss-aversion framework could motivate service providers to increase their participation levels. We show that in on-demand platforms the nonmonetary incentives inhibit the impact of monetary incentives on service provider participation once they are offered together. Furthermore, in contrast to traditional work settings, offering incentives within a loss-aversion framework only increases the effectiveness of nonmonetary incentives. We provide theoretical explanations and empirical examinations for these counterintuitive results. The insights from this research could be used by on-demand digital platforms to effectively mobilize and sustain their service providers’ participation to meet real-time stochastic demand.

6. 自由放任vs政府干预：防止非授权再制造的监管含义

原标题：Laissez-Faire vs. Government Intervention: Implications of Regulation Preventing Nonauthorized Remanufacturing

期刊：Manufacturing and Service Operations Management

作者：Gökçe Esenduran, Minyue Jin, Yu Zhou

出版时间：2024-12-26

DOI：10.1287/msom.2023.0128

摘要：

问题定义：本文比较了第三方再制造的自由放任和强制授权政策机制，在自由放任政策下，独立再制造商（IR）选择是否获得原始设备制造商（OEM）授权。根据强制性授权政策，IR需要获得OEM授权，并为每件再制造的产品向OEM支付费用。在中国监管历程的推动下，首先强制授权再制造，然后转向自由放任政策，我们的目标是从不同利益相关者的角度理解哪个政策更好。方法学/结果：我们使用博弈论方法，考虑两种政策制度下由供应商、OEM和IR组成的供应链。传统智慧认为，IR在自由放任政策下会更好，但OEM和供应商在强制授权政策下会更好。然而，我们表明，这种传统智慧可能并不成立。对于再制造成本较低的产品，所有公司都受益于强制性授权政策，而对于再制造成本中等较高的产品，在自由放任政策下，所有公司的境况都更好。此外，强制性授权可能在经济和环境方面都优于自由放任政策。管理含义：我们的研究结果显示，看似有利的政策制度可能会给企业带来适得其反的后果。因此，在支持此类政策之前，企业需要评估其他企业的战略反应以及对其利润的潜在影响。此外，对于再制造成本较低的产品，强制性授权政策有助于促进再制造行业的发展。尽管如此，也可能导致总环境影响增加。

Abstract: 

Problem definition: In this paper, we compare laissez-faire and mandatory authorization policy regimes for third-party remanufacturing. Under a laissez-faire policy, an independent remanufacturer (IR) chooses whether to get the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) authorization. Under a mandatory authorization policy, the IR is required to get OEM authorization and to pay the OEM a fee for every item remanufactured. Motivated by China’s regulatory journey that first mandated authorized remanufacturing and then moved to a laissez-faire policy, our goal is to understand which policy is better from the perspectives of different stakeholders. Methodology/results: We use a game-theoretic approach and consider a supply chain consisting of a supplier, an OEM, and an IR under the two policy regimes. Conventional wisdom suggests that the IR would be better off under the laissez-faire policy, but the OEM and the supplier would be better off under the mandatory authorization policy. However, we show that this conventional wisdom may not hold. For products with a low remanufacturing cost, all firms benefit from the mandatory authorization policy, whereas for products with a moderately high remanufacturing cost, all firms are better off under the laissez-faire policy. Further, mandatory authorization may outperform the laissez-faire policy in both economic and environmental dimensions. Managerial implications: Our findings reveal that seemingly advantageous policy regimes may backfire for firms. Therefore, before supporting such policies, the firms need to assess the strategic reactions of other firms and the potential impacts on their profits. Furthermore, a mandatory authorization policy can be beneficial in fostering the development of the remanufacturing sector for products with low remanufacturing costs. Nevertheless, it may also lead to an increase in the total environmental impact.

7. 从搜索数据学习产品特征和消费者偏好

原标题：Learning Product Characteristics and Consumer Preferences from Search Data

期刊：Marketing Science

作者：Luis Armona, Greg Lewis, Georgios Zervas

出版时间：2024-12-10

DOI：10.1145/3465456.3467548

摘要：

需求估算的一个关键思想是将产品建模为特征束。本文提出了一种从搜索数据中联合学习潜在产品特征和消费者偏好的方法，以便更准确地预测需求。我们结合消费者网络浏览历史数据和酒店价格/数量数据，在酒店市场对该方法进行了检验。在两个不同的应用中，我们证明了潜在特征空间中的贴近度可以预测竞争，从搜索数据中学习的参数显著改善了事后需求预测。

Abstract: 

A building block of many models in empirical industrial organization is a characteristic space, where products are modeled as a bundle of characteristics over which consumers have preferences. The ability of such models to predict counterfactual outcomes depends on how well this characteristic space representation can capture substitution patterns. A limitation of existing methods is that product characteristics must be observable. In this paper, we extend a machine learning approach (Bayesian Personalized Ranking) that allows us to jointly learn latent product characteristics and consumer preferences from search data. We then show how this can be combined with existing demand estimation approaches to predict demand. Our application is to the hotel market, where we combine two datasets: consumers' web browsing histories, and hotel prices and occupancy rates. Using an event study design, we show that closeness in latent characteristic space predicts competition: hotels that are close to new entrants lose the most market share post-entry. We take a more structural approach to the 2016 merger of Marriott and Starwood, demonstrating that by using latent characteristics and consumer preferences learned from search data, we can substantially improve post-merger predictions of demand relative to standard baselines.