1. 实时需求、餐厅密度与配送可靠性：按需送餐的实证分析

原标题：Real-time demands, restaurant density, and delivery reliability: An empirical analysis of on-demand meal delivery

期刊：Journal of Operations Management

作者：Zilong Liu, Xuequn Wang, Jiafu Tang, Xiaohan Li, Jie Zhang

出版时间：2024-11-07

DOI：10.1002/joom.1339

摘要：

技术进步和创新的激增刺激了按需送餐平台的崛起。尽管这些平台具有广泛的吸引力，但在有效管理交付流程同时保持可靠性方面，它们面临两个关键挑战（即订单批处理和需求分配）。作为回应，本研究旨在通过研究实时需求和餐厅密度对配送可靠性的影响，以及司机类型（即内部和众包司机）如何调节这些影响，来应对这两个挑战。我们使用从中国前三大按需送餐平台之一获得的独特数据集评估了我们的模型，我们的研究揭示了几个关键发现。具体而言，我们的研究发现，实时需求与配送可靠性呈倒U型关系，餐厅密度与配送可靠性呈正相关。此外，它揭示了在高实时性需求下，众包司机的表现优于内部司机。本研究通过阐明实时需求和餐厅密度如何影响配送可靠性，为文献提供了帮助。研究结果对按需送餐平台在复杂市场条件下提高送餐绩效、分配需求具有重要意义。

Abstract: 

A surge in technological advancements and innovations has spurred the rise of on-demand meal delivery platforms. Despite their widespread appeal, these platforms face two critical challenges (i.e., order batching and demand allocation) in effectively managing the delivery process while maintaining reliability. In response, this study aims to address these two challenges by examining the effects of real-time demands and restaurant density on delivery reliability, as well as how the type of driver (i.e., in-house versus crowdsourced drivers) moderates these effects. We evaluated our model with a unique dataset obtained from one of the top three on-demand meal delivery platforms in China, and our research sheds light on several key findings. Specifically, our study finds inverted U-shaped relationships between real-time demands and delivery reliability and a positive relationship between restaurant density and delivery reliability. In addition, it reveals that crowdsourced drivers perform better than in-house drivers under high real-time demands. This study contributes to the literature by clarifying how delivery reliability can be influenced by real-time demands and restaurant density. The results offer important implications for on-demand meal delivery platforms to improve delivery performance and allocate demands amid complicated market conditions.

2. 通过最后一英里配送平台整合瞄准线上销售

原标题：Targeting online sales through last-mile delivery platform integration

期刊：Journal of Operations Management

作者：Kevin H. Park, Martin E. Dresner, Xiaodan Pan

出版时间：2024-11-09

DOI：10.1002/joom.1338

摘要：

我们分两个不同阶段分析了最后一英里配送平台和百货零售商之间的渠道整合：（1）平台配送接入（PDA），零售商继续通过自己的网站提供标准配送，但将客户引导至平台网站进行新的当日配送；（2）综合配送接入（IDA），客户可以继续在配送平台网站使用当日配送服务，但可以在零售商网站上以当日和标准配送选项购买单一订单中的产品。我们使用零售商、target和配送平台Shipt的消费者支出数据进行了准实验。我们发现，PDA通过增加销量给配送平台带来了积极影响。另一方面，IDA增加了零售商的线上渠道销售，但不影响配送平台的销售。此外，我们发现，在线上杂货渗透率较低的市场中，PDA对配送平台销售的积极影响较强，表明这种影响可能是由杂货购买量增加驱动的。最后，在零售商忠诚客户群较大、线上杂货渗透率较低的市场，IDA对零售商线上渠道销售的正效应较强。

Abstract: 

We analyze channel integration between a last‐mile delivery platform and a general merchandise retailer in two distinct stages: (1) platform delivery access (PDA), where the retailer continues to offer standard delivery through its own website but directs customers to the platform's website for new same‐day delivery; and (2) integrated delivery access (IDA), where customers can continue to use same‐day delivery service at the delivery platform website but can purchase products in a single order with both same‐day and standard delivery options at the retailer's website. We perform a quasi‐experiment using consumer spending data from retailer, target, and delivery platform, Shipt. We find that PDA provides positive impacts to the delivery platform through increased sales. IDA, on the other hand, increases the retailer's online channel sales but does not impact the delivery platform's sales. Moreover, we find that the positive effects of PDA on the delivery platform's sales are stronger in markets where online grocery penetration is lower, indicating that the effects were likely driven by increased purchases for groceries. Finally, the positive effect of IDA on the retailer's online channel sales is stronger in markets where the retailer has a greater loyal customer base and online grocery penetration is lower.

3. 信息设计在供应链管理中的价值

原标题：The Value of Information Design in Supply Chain Management

期刊：Management Science

作者：Ozan Cogan, Huseyin Gurkan

出版时间：2024-11-11

DOI：10.1287/mnsc.2023.03004

摘要：

本文研究了从供应商处采购单一类型产品的双层供应链中零售商的信息设计问题。供应商需要根据零售商的需求平衡短缺成本和过剩库存持有成本，从而决定生产数量。零售商的需求是随机的，但零售商在供应商设定生产数量并在学习了需求实现后下单之前，收到了关于需求的信息性信号。零售商希望降低缺货成本，为此，零售商可以披露有关零售商信号的信息，以说服供应商提高生产水平。对于这种设置，我们描述了零售商的最优信息披露政策，并阐明了零售商严格受益于精心设计的相对于完全披露或不披露政策的信息披露政策的设置。

Abstract: 

This paper studies an information design problem of a retailer in a two-tier supply chain that procures a single type of product from a supplier. The supplier needs to decide on a production quantity by balancing the shortage cost and the excess inventory holding cost with respect to the retailer’s demand. The retailer’s demand is random, but the retailer receives an informative signal about the demand before the supplier sets the production quantity and places orders after learning the demand realization. The retailer wants to reduce the shortage cost, and to this end, the retailer can disclose information about the retailer’s signal to persuade the supplier to increase production levels. For this setup, we characterize the optimal information disclosure policy of the retailer and shed light on settings in which the retailer strictly benefits from carefully designed information disclosure policies relative to a full- or a no-disclosure policy.

4. 导航创作者经济：数字内容平台的内容推广和视图分配政策分析

原标题：Navigating the Creator Economy: An Analysis of Content Promotion and View Allocation Policies on Digital Content Platforms

期刊：Marketing Science

作者：Qitian Ren

出版时间：2024-11-01

DOI：10.1287/mksc.2023.0573

摘要：

在向创作者提供内容推广机会时，数字内容平台往往面临着在内容质量和推广力度之间平衡有限视角分配的挑战。为了检验这种紧张关系，我们开发了一个博弈论模型，捕捉创作者、平台和观众之间丰富的互动。我们发现，当视图分配更倾向于内容推广时，并不一定会导致创作者增加推广费用，并可能导致均衡内容质量更低或更高。此外，只有在内容制作对创作者具有成本效益且创作者总数适中的情况下，平台才应该提供内容推广。最后我们发现，平台应避免将收入共享与内容推广相结合，与垄断平台相比，跨平台竞争可能会导致更多以推广为导向的视图配置和更低的内容质量。

Abstract: 

When offering content promotion opportunities to creators, digital content platforms often face the challenge of balancing the allocation of limited views between content quality and promotional efforts. To examine this tension, we developed a game-theoretic model that captures the rich interactions among creators, the platform, and viewers. We show that when view allocation leans more toward content promotion, it does not necessarily lead creators to increase their promotion expenses, and it can result in either lower or higher equilibrium content quality. Furthermore, the platform should offer content promotion only when content production is cost-effective for creators and when the total number of creators is moderate. Finally, we find that the platform should avoid combining revenue sharing with content promotion, and that interplatform competition may result in more promotion-oriented view allocation and lower content quality compared with a monopoly platform.

5. 前沿：数字隐士

原标题：Frontiers: Digital Hermits

期刊：Marketing Science

作者：Jeanine Miklós-Thal, Avi Goldfarb, Avery Haviv, Catherine Tucker

出版时间：2024-05-09

DOI：10.1287/mksc.2023.0612

摘要：

当用户与公司分享关于自己的多维数据时，公司会了解用户数据不同维度之间的相关性。我们将这种类型的学习纳入数据市场模型，在该模型中，公司从关注隐私的用户那里获取数据。每个用户都不能与公司共享任何数据，只能共享非敏感数据，或其完整数据。随着该公司收集更多数据，并更善于从用户的非敏感数据中推断用户的隐私敏感数据，不共享数据的新用户（“数字隐士”）所占份额也在增长。尽管随着推理能力的提高，该公司为用户的非敏感数据和用户的完整数据提供了更高的补偿，但数字隐士的增长仍在发生。与此同时，分享完整数据的新用户份额也在增长。因此，该模型预测了用户数据共享选择的两极分化，即从非敏感数据共享到不共享和完全共享。我们的模型表明，最近专注于数据控制而非推断的隐私政策可能是错误的。

Abstract: 

When users share multidimensional data about themselves with a firm, the firm learns about the correlations between different dimensions of user data. We incorporate this type of learning into a model of a data market in which a firm acquires data from users with privacy concerns. Each user can share no data, only nonsensitive data, or their full data with the firm. As the firm collects more data and becomes better at drawing inferences about a user’s privacy-sensitive data from their nonsensitive data, the share of new users who share no data (“digital hermits”) grows. This growth of digital hermits occurs even though the firm offers higher compensation for a user’s nonsensitive data and a user’s full data as its ability to draw inferences improves. At the same time, the share of new users who share their full data also grows. The model thus predicts a polarization of users’ data-sharing choices away from nonsensitive data sharing to no sharing and full sharing. Our model suggests that recent privacy policies, which are focused on control of data rather than inferences, may be misplaced.

6. 技能偏向的技术变革又来了？在线Gig平台与本地就业

原标题：Skill-Biased Technical Change, Again? Online Gig Platforms and Local Employment

期刊：Information Systems Research

作者：Xue Guo, Zhi (Aaron) Cheng, Paul A. Pavlou

出版时间：2024-11-13

DOI：10.1287/isre.2022.0307

摘要：

在线gig平台有可能影响现有行业的就业。大众媒体和学术研究给出了两个相互矛盾的预测：一是在线gig平台可能会通过加剧竞争、淘汰工人的某些技能来减少在职工人的供给；或者，第二，他们可能通过提高客户工人匹配效率，为工人创造新的就业机会，来促进工人供给。然而，随着在线gig平台的崛起，人们对劳工运动的了解有限。扩展以技能为导向的技术变革文献，我们研究了基于TaskRabbit allocation的DGIG平台的影响，该平台将自由职业者与本地家务需求（例如，清洁服务）相匹配——对本地在职人员、工薪家政工人的供应。我们还研究了不同技能水平工人的异质效应。利用TaskRabbit向美国城市的交错扩张，我们发现在TaskRabbit进入美国后，在职管家工人的数量显著减少。值得注意的是，这主要是因为中等技能工人（即一线经理、主管）的数量出现了不成比例的下降，他们的任务可以通过TaskRabbit的匹配算法轻松实现自动化，但通常执行手动任务的低技能工人（即清洁工、清洁工）却没有出现这种情况。有趣的是，TaskRabbit的进入并没有必要排挤中等技能的家政工人，既没有解雇他们，也没有强迫他们从事其他相关职业；相反，TaskRabbit entry支持家政行业内的自营职业。这些发现意味着，在线gig平台可能不会天真地被视为技能偏见，尤其是对于低技能工人；相反，他们对那些认知任务通过排序和匹配算法实现自动化的熟练管理人员进行重新分配，为工人探索新的自雇机会，强调需要重新考虑在线gig平台，将其作为重塑现有行业、激发创业努力的一种手段。

Abstract: 

Online gig platforms have the potential to influence employment in existing industries. Popular press and academic research offer two competing predictions: First, online gig platforms may reduce the supply of incumbent workers by intensifying competition and obsoleting certain skills of workers; or, second, they may boost the supply of workers by increasing client-worker matching efficiency and creating new employment opportunities for workers. Yet, there has been limited understanding of the labor movements amid the rise of online gig platforms. Extending the skill-biased technical change literature, we study the impact of TaskRabbit—a location-based gig platform that matches freelance workers to local demand for domestic tasks (e.g., cleaning services)—on the local supply of incumbent, work-for-wages housekeeping workers. We also examine the heterogeneous effects across workers at different skill levels. Exploiting the staggered TaskRabbit expansion into U.S. cities, we identify a significant decrease in the number of incumbent housekeeping workers after TaskRabbit entry. Notably, this is mainly driven by a disproportionate decline in the number of middle-skilled workers (i.e., first-line managers, supervisors) whose tasks could easily be automated by TaskRabbit’s matching algorithms, but not low-skilled workers (i.e., janitors, cleaners) who typically perform manual tasks. Interestingly, TaskRabbit entry does not necessarily crowd out middle-skilled housekeeping workers, neither laying them off nor forcing them to other related occupations; rather, TaskRabbit entry supports self-employment within the housekeeping industry. These findings imply that online gig platforms may not naively be viewed as skill biased, especially for low-skilled workers; instead, they redistribute middle-skilled managerial workers whose cognitive tasks are automated by the sorting and matching algorithms to explore new self-employment opportunities for workers, stressing the need to reconsider online gig platforms as a means to reshape existing industries and stimulate entrepreneurial endeavors.

7. 走向网络效应因果检验的改进：联盟网络地位是否增强了企业创新？

原标题：Toward an improved causal test of network effects: Does alliance network position enhance firm innovation?

期刊：Strategic Management Journal

作者：Exequiel Hernez, J. Myles Shaver, Jason K. Lee

出版时间：2024-11-12

DOI：10.1002/smj.3679

摘要：

研究总结评估网络位置是否会导致企业结果是困难的，因为网络是企业战略选择的结果。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一个研究设计，将自驱动的网络变化与其他驱动的变化区分开来。由于其他驱动的变化抑制了焦点公司的代理，因此在可验证的假设下，由此产生的结果可以被解释为因果关系。我们应用此方法重新评估联盟网络位置是否影响企业创新。利用生物技术行业的数据，我们发现，当涉及自我驱动的网络变化时，结构洞（但不是闭合）会增加企业创新，但当涉及其他驱动的变化时，不会。这就提出了两种可能性：网络效应虚假地捕捉不可观察的公司特征，或者网络理论必须更新以解释代理。管理概要我们研究了管理者在联盟网络决策中的一个关键问题：企业在联盟网络中的地位是推动创新的，还是反映了企业的内在品质？我们的研究通过考察公司控制之外的网络变化来探索这个问题。我们发现，弥合脱节的合作伙伴（结构漏洞）有助于创新，但只有当公司积极创造这些头寸时，而不是当这些头寸源于他人的行动时。我们的研究结果表明，单靠网络地位并不能推动创新。承认网络地位本身并不有利，可以提供细致入微的见解，更好地指导管理决策。

Abstract: 

Research Summary: Assessing whether network position causes firm outcomes is difficult because networks result from firms' strategic choices. To address this issue, we develop a research design that separates self-driven network change from other-driven change. Because other-driven change suppresses the focal firm's agency, outcomes resulting from it can be interpreted as causal—under verifiable assumptions. We apply this method to reassess whether alliance network position affects firm innovation. Using data from the biotechnology industry, we find that structural holes (but not closure) increase firm innovation when self-driven network change is involved but not when other-driven change is involved. This raises two possibilities: network effects spuriously capture unobservable firm characteristics or network theories must be updated to account for agency. Managerial Summary: We examine a crucial question for managers making decisions about alliance networks: Does a firm's position in its alliance network drive innovation, or is it a reflection of the firm's inherent qualities? Our research explores this question by examining network changes outside a firm's control. We find that bridging disconnected partners (structural holes) enhances innovation, but only when firms actively create these positions and not when these positions result from others' actions. Our findings suggest that network position alone does not drive innovation. Acknowledging that network position, per se, is not advantageous provides nuanced insight to better guide managerial decisions.